Explain How External Environment Influence an...

External environment aims to help an organisation to obtain opportunities and threats that will affect the organisation’s competitive situation. External opportunities are characteristics of the external environment that have the potential to help the organization achieve or exceed its strategic goals. External threats are characteristics of the external environment that may prevent the organization from achieving its strategic goals. Therefore, organisations must formulate appropriate strategies to take advantage of the opportunities while overcome the threats in order to achieve their strategic goals. The external environment consists of variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top†¦show more content†¦In order to retain customers, companies must formulate appropriate strategies to compete with the substitutes. For example, milk producers compete with soy milk producers. However, strategy formulation is also influenced by the degree of turbulence of the external environment. A high degree of turbulence exists if changeability is high and predictability is low. Companies need to formulate strategies based on the planned prescriptive approach if turbulence is low, whereas based on the unplanned emergent approach if turbulence is high. How organizations overcome environmental changes? Organisations need to deal with environmental changes with appropriate strategies. First, organisations may choose to wait and see. Such strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, facing a significant technological change, some companies may choose to integrate the new technology into their products. If they are successful, the rest companies’ ‘wait and see’ strategy is obviously unwise. However, if they failed, the rest companies’ ‘wait and see’ strategy appears wise. As a result, strategic decision making is impacted on and opportunities may either be lost or capitalised on. Second, organisations may choose to change in response to environmental changes through either proactive or reactive. Proactive change involves actively attempting to make alterations to the work place and its practices. Companies that take a proactive approach to change are often trying toShow MoreRelated1.1 Discuss the Purpose of Corporate Communication Strategies16606 Words   |  67 PagesFROM ‘STRATEGY’ TO ‘CORPORATE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY’: A CONCEPTUALISATION Paper delivered at the 9th International Public Relations Research Symposium, held at Lake Bled from 4-7 July, 2002 Benita Steyn APR Lecturer Dept of Marketing and Communication Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA 0002 (27 12) 420-4040 w (27 12) 362-5085 fax bsteyn@hakuna.up.ac.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS Read MoreThe Purpose of Human Resource Management Policies in Organisations1323 Words   |  6 Pagesare realistic and sustainable. However, the plan could have been supported by key indications about the available funds for human resource activities and the mechanisms used in the prioritization of human resource projects. In addition, an outline of how the timelines would be achieved would have helped in clarifying the plan. Moreover, short term plans ought to have been distinguished from long term plans. Section Three The Purpose of Human Resource Management Policies in Organisations Human resourceRead MoreRole Of The Hr Function On Managing The Organisation And How The Organisational And Hr Strategies Are Shaped And Developed3422 Words   |  14 PagesYou have been commissioned by the CEO of your organisation to examine and report on the role of the HR function in managing the organisation and to demonstrate how the organisational and HR strategies are shaped and developed within it. ________________________________________ Introduction Throughout this report I will be examining the role of the HR function in managing TUI UKI, the UK’s largest tour operator with 13,300 employees and serving over 5.2 million customers each year. To provideRead MoreStrategic Hrm2310 Words   |  10 Pageshuman resources? How do we distinguish it from ‘plain HR’? Major topics * Defining strategic HRM * Strategic alignment * SHRM and business strategy * SHRM model * HR policies * The Context of HRM (refer the notes below under Attachments) * The global Context/Australian Economy * Workforce Changes * Changes in work and employment patterns * Political and Legal Context * HR planning in a changing environment * ApproachesRead MoreThe Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery1560 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful bakeries cross the nations. It has experienced considerably growth from the local market transit to internationally. Additionally, the unreliable external environment, technology implementation, strategy flexibility and also the company size expansion are the four crucial elements that definitely influence the company’s structure formulation. ABC Bakery company mission statement: Value your every life is value ours. It has built on our commitment to provide the possible highest quality ofRead MoreThe Value Of Good Management1664 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestment, in order to achieve business goals for the company success. For instance, Jack Ma, CEO of Alibaba, his company is one of the biggest internet company in China, because he successfully assemble the resource of small company in a competitive environment. In addition, he put the customers and staff into the first place. His good management makes the company success. Management has been defined in a very simple but comprehensive way as the art of getting things done through people. According to PeterRead MoreHr Strategy Competitive Advantage3921 Words   |  16 PagesStrategic Human Resource Management â€Å"HR strategy, policy and practice can assist organisations to achieve competitive advantage. Critically analyse this statement using one or more theoretical perspectives that explain the link between strategic HRM and performance outcomes.† Abstract The focus of this paper is on the relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and organisational performance outcomes, specifically sustained competitive advantage. Using the resource-basedRead MoreBusiness Model : Strategic Management, Development, Planning And Implementation2482 Words   |  10 Pagesestablished marketplace, consideration must be given to the details of how the introduction will take place, what aims, goals and boundaries the organization will have and how progress towards those aims will be assessed and monitored; that is, a business strategy must be formulated and strategic management processes must be emplaced. This chapter aims to critically assess academic and professional literature concerned with strategy, strategic management, development, planning and implementation. ConsiderationRead MoreAlignment of Hr Practices with Business Strategy5515 Words   |  23 Pages18 5. Assignment Question 4 19 – 23 6. References 24 7. Bibliography 25 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM) INTRODUCTION This Assignment reveals how Nestle is able to integrate and align it’s HRM practices with the overall business strategy, able to manage the responsibility of identifying, attracting, selecting and moulding employees and provides an evaluation of their recruitment processes and policies .It further discusses the strategicRead MoreGsl Mc25499 Words   |  102 PagesKnowledge Checks: Multiple Choice and Extended Response Questions and Solutions GLOBAL STRATEGY AND LEADERSHIP Version 16a  © Copyright CPA Australia unless otherwise indicated. Multiple Choice Questions and Solutions KNOWLEDGE CHECKS: MULTIPLE CHOICE AND EXTENDED RESPONSE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS | i Contents Questions 1 Module 1 Question 1.1 Question 1.2 Question 1.3 Question 1.4 Question 1.5 Question 1.6 Question 1.7 Question 1.8 Question 1.9 Question 1

Airline Industry - 1221 Words

One of the world’s most competitive and prominent industries is the airlines industry. It generates huge amounts of income as well as employment each year. Some of the common names in US air travel service providers are Alaska, Northwest, Southwest, US airways, American etc. According to the latest statistics given by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the airline sector will post a profit of $9 billion in 2011. After the recent credit crunch, economies are now coming back to normal, business travel is increasing and investments in the airlines are now rising. Political/Legal influences Privatization Over the years airlines have undergone large-scale privatization; previously a significant portion of airlines†¦show more content†¦Government policies Fiscal policies of the government can have significant impact on the industry’s performance. Governments generally impose high taxes on airline industry, which is passed on to the customers in the form of higher air fares, alternatively airlines reduce the number of staff is cut down costs. An example is United Kingdom, when the UK government imposed high taxes on the aviation industry, the number of cargo operators reduced sharply in order to reduce costs (My-Efficient-Planet, 2010). On the other hand governments support aviation industry by building airports, roads and hotels near airports, because they recognize this industry as an important ingredient for economic well-being. In addition governments arrange security at the airports to ensure safe journey. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have had negative implications for the industry. Over the years, all the airlines have changed their routes, marketing tactics and prices; they are also making an effort to reduce the fear and negative image associated with air-planes. Governments have imposed strict security checks on air travel passengers in order to avoid any unforeseen terrorist activity. Economic forces GDP The growth of airline industry in any country is directly proportional to its GDP growth; the greater the business activity, the more air travel and the higher the GDP of the country. The demandShow MoreRelatedAirline Industry : The Airlines Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagespaper, I equally contemplated each industry while being forced to choose only one to focus on. I felt the most inclined to select the airlines industry, specifically Delta Airlines, since my father is a longtime employee for the company. I believe this assignment is an interesting and enthralling way for young people to begin to understand the complexity and importance that goes into analyzing an industry’s annual, quarterly and daily reports. The airlines industry has always been and will alwaysRead MoreThe Airlines And The Airline Industry800 Words   |  4 PagesThe airline industry has been around for years, it has suffered its ups and downs due to attacks such as the one that occurred in September 11, and even most recent as the Paris attack that occurred this past year. Major Airlines have suffered a decline in their profitability which has forced many airlines to file for bankruptcy. However, when bad times hit an industry some companies are forced to quit, while others are forced to change their strategy and continue moving forward. In the airline industryRead MoreAirline Industry1042 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen a key part of business and will continue to be. Technology increases productivity, efficiency, and in many times lowers the cost of making products. When looking to acquire another company one must compare the technology of that company to its industry. How much will a company have to invest in a company to get the technology updated and personnel trained on those machines? How much would the company gain by implementing this new technology? Socio-cultural factors are a mindset of customersRead MoreThe Airline Industry1093 Words   |  5 Pages2013, over three billion passengers were carried by the world’s airlines† (Facts Figures, 2014). This fact demonstrates how the airline industry is a ubiquitous part of our lives. Even if a person has never used an airline for personal transportation, they are still likely to have consumed and/or used an assortment of goods transported by the industry. Still, even with its major impact on the world around it, inside the airline industry, firms must learn to encounter a wide array of external factorsRead MoreAirline Industry. The Airline Industry Offers An Efficient1243 Words   |  5 Pages Airline Industry The airline industry offers an efficient and unique service to customers. This industry is able to provide convenient transportation to people that wants to travel long distances. The airplane has been an invention that has improved the way people travel from one place to another. People has been able to experience traveling in a different way since the presence of airplanes. The airline industry has developed over time and is making it possible to travel to far places in a smallRead MoreSouthwest Airlines And The Airline Industry1640 Words   |  7 PagesSouthwest Airlines, a cost leader in the airline industry, was faced with an important decision on whether or not to enter LaGuardia Airport’s expensive, heavily regulated and congested market. How does a leader airline in discount airfare, continue to expand into high traffic markets without compromising its core strategies and disrupting its existing network? Founded in 1967, Southwest entered the airline industry at a time when interstate travel was heavily regulated by the Civil Aeronautics BoardRead MoreAirline Industry : Delta Airlines1599 Words   |  7 Pages Though Delta Airlines which is my choice of Airline does not operate solely as cargo carrier but as both passengers and Cargo carrier. Usually people ask where the difference between passengers and cargo carrier lies and the difference is simply the schedule and types of aircrafts used in each operation. For cargo only freighters there is no need for windows, seats and other comforts usually expected by customers. But operating a combined passenger/cargo aircraft, most basic requirementsRead MoreSouthwest Airlines And The Airline Industry946 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary Southwest Airlines is a competitor in the airline industry who models themselves as a low fare company who cares about people. These two aspects are that backbone to their business. It is what sets them apart from their major competitors, such as Delta/Northwest, Continental/United, JetBlue, and Allegiant. Government regulation has allowed for more travel due to deregulation. This means there are more consumers than ever entering the industry. As more consumers enter the marketRead MoreAirline Industry : Southwest Airlines1925 Words   |  8 PagesSouthwest Airlines, founded in 1967, entered the airline industry at a time when the interstate travel was heavily regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB).10 Some of those regulations are airlines were not allowed to discount fares even when their planes were at half capacity, airlines were not able to add new routes or remove old routes, and new carriers were not allowed to enter the interstate airline travel.10 Due to these regulations on the interstate market and seeing the success ofRead MoreAirline Industry : Southwest Airlines837 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as declining unemployment rates and rising income levels. Therefore, airline companies such as Southwest Airlines differentiate their brands from competitors by proactively creating value for customers. Since 2001, the airline industry has experienced greater costs due to the failing economy, volatile prices for fuel, and increased global competition. In order to combat these environmental factors, Southwest Airlines keeps airfare costs lower than those of competitors, focuses on fuel-efficient

Biomedical Approach Free Essays

Introduction Since the time of Enlightenment, Western ideas of health have been dominated by the biomedical approach. The basis on which these opinions are founded is that an individual is not responsible for their illness and that the mind and body work separately from each other. Health, in the eyes of this approach can be deemed as simply the absence of disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Biomedical Approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now Part of the reason this vision of health has dominated so much, is that it’s practiced by the majority of the health professionals and is the staple of the care received in hospitals. The aim of this assignment is to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this system, and to suggest the advantages that using a social model to view health could bring. Discussion Health, is a word that carries a broad spectrum of meanings, it is defined differently in all walks of life. Biomedical health although being the most recognised is not the only approach and has been called by Naidoo and Wills (200, p. 9) â€Å"a narrow view of health†. The social Model contrasts this approach. It focuses on the social and economic factors regarding health and looks at ways to prevent illness before it occurs. Even in the most affluent countries, people who are less well off have substantially shorter life expectancies (Marmot and Wilkinson, 2003), a social view on health would take this information into account, placing emphasis on improving the quality of life to increase life expectancy. Contrastingly the Biomedical method would look at a patient and prescribe necessary medication, although usually being effective in the short term, this would do nothing to stop the person getting ill again as they would return to the same unhealthy lifestyle or environment. This could be seen as impersonal, but this scientific approach can be useful in many scenarios as it has been said by Pearson, Vaughan and FitzGerald(2005, p54) that â€Å"the overriding concern for the patient is for cure and control of his or her disease, and this model gives clear direction in this respect†. The Biomedical Model has strengths in the sense that illnesses are not always caused by environmental or lifestyle related factors. Rather than trying to explain the illness, it searches for a cure. Biomedical science can give instant relief to people who are suffering or in pain, for people involved in accidents and emergency situations this approach is second to none. It accepts accidents are sometimes unavoidable and concentrates on restoring the individual to health in a direct manner. Discarding freak accidents the social model could prove useful. Wilkinson and Marmot(2005, p24) state â€Å"individuals turn to alcohol drugs and tobacco, suffer from their use, but it is influenced by the wider social setting† . Upon taking this statement into account, it could be argued that the social model would have a greater effect in reducing the number of people turning to drugs or alcohol. The biomedical approach would examine the physiology of the situation in an attempt to understand why an individual might become dependent on a drug. The treatment might consist of giving the patient another drug to help them come off the substance they are using, but the social method would encourage support groups or the 12 step method that was first practiced by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). This method was originally brought about in the 70’s and involves patients admitting they are powerless to alcohol and coming to believe that a greater power can restore them to health. Although it had much success, it didn’t take account for those who did not believe in religion. Since then non twelve step programs have been brought about that focus on counselling patients on how to take control of their lives. Many centres that practice this method such as the Narconon Freedom Centre(NFC) claim to have a 70% success rate. It is apparent that both biomedical and social models have their place in treating addicts and biomedical science could definitely benefit from the use of techniques from the social model in this case. Because the term health is subjective it can be defined differently. The Biomedical approach may deem someone who is disabled as unhealthy. The way they would aim to treat, for instance someone who has lost the use of their legs is to give them a wheelchair, if the person then became depressed they might give them medication to alleviate the symptoms of depression. This scientific model is supported by evidence and does work in the sense that disabled people can get medication to decrease pain or equipment to make day to day life easier. The social model however approaches disability in an entirely different manner and Smart (2006-2007)states that â€Å"much of the prejudice and discrimination experienced by people with disabilities occurs not in spite of the Biomedical Model, but because of the Biomedical Model†. It known that disabled people can often be the target of discrimination and stereotyping, perhaps this has something to do with the picture of disability that has een painted by biomedical science. Because the biomedical approach has been at the forefront of health it is understandable that people are disposed to think in accordance of its views, but this doesn’t mean that they are always right. â€Å"The profession of medicine has, for centuries, been based on the two outcome paradigm of cure or death and vestiges of t his paradigm are reflected in payment systems. Therefore, after medical stabilization, much of the funding is withdrawn, not taking into consideration the individual’s greatest needs (Yelin, 1992). This quote reiterates the point that the biomedical view may not always be right. The social model in this case would take into account the full recovery of a person so they could return to a desirable quality of life. This is because the social model recognises the fact that if a person is affected by something it can impact on their life socially and economically, which in turn can cause numerous problems such as depression, effect on relationships, stress, and anxiety etc. To see a person as healthy as soon as there condition is stable is a very biomedical approach to the issue, it is possibly unwise to think that as soon as the patient is deemed stable they can return to a normal lifestyle. The possible repercussions of this approach are that many patients will likely return and need more treatment soon after they have left. A potential benefit of using the health model when viewing a situation like the one previously mentioned, is that the patient might be able to receive services like marriage counselling. This is because the social model takes more account of the effects ill health can have on the patients’ social life. If a patient is depressed this might also have an effect on the health of their friends and family meaning that they too may need healthcare for example a depressed patient may take their anger out by being abusive or violent to those around them. This is obviously not good for the family’s health so In the grand scheme of things a social approach may also help in keeping the patients family in good health. â€Å"The cultural identification of the individual is often ignored because the Biomedical Model is based only on biological, organic needs. Psychiatric disabilities, which are highly dependent upon the environment of the individual, are not well-funded. Such environmental accommodations could render the individual highly functional (Wright, 1991). For people with psychiatric disabilities the biomedical approach may help to calm them down or nullify the effects of their illness. However little is done to improve their quality of life and this, it could be argued, seems almost de-humanizing. The model of health would prove useful in this situation by simply creating a nicer environment that will greatly assist the person to return to health. If a return to health is not possible, this improvement in environment would still give the person a much more fulfilling life and help to put the families of patients’ minds at ease. Conclusion On reviewing and comparing the biomedical and social models of health, it can be seen that both models have strengths and weaknesses. Because the biomedical approach has been at the forefront of health people trust it because it’s what they are used too.. This approach is supported by a wealth of scientific evidence and knowledge and it can efficiently cure a wide range of illnesses or diseases. However the biomedical model takes little into account for the environment of patients and how this can affect their health. The social model realises that health can be defined in ways other than simply â€Å"the absence of disease†. It also takes into account that all patients’ ideas of health are different and require different treatments. On conclusion it is clear that both models are invaluable and the best means for keeping people healthy and administering care would be through using a combination of both methods. Exact word count:1490 References Alcoholics Anonymous, n. d. The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. [online] Available at: http://www. aa. org/en_pdfs/smf-121_en. pdf [Accessed 18 December 2010] Barker, R. Kirk, J. and Munday, R. J. , 1988. Narrative analysis. 3rd ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Marmot, M. G. And Wilkinson, R. G. , 2006 Social Detirminants of Health: the Solid Facts 2nd ed, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Naidoo, J. And Wills, J. ,2009 Health Promotion: Foundations for practice 2nd ed. London, Balliere Tindall Narconon Freedom Centre, n. d. [online] Available at: http://www. freedomdrugrehab. om[Accessed 17 december 2010]. Pearson, A. Vaughan, B. and FitzGerald, M. , 2005. Nursing Models for Practice. 3rd ed. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann. Smart, J. , 2006-2007. Challenges to the Biomedical Model of Disability. Advances in Medical Psychotherapy Psychodiagnosis, Volume 12,. p1 Wright, B. A. (1991). Labeling: The need for greater person-environment individuation. In C. R. Snyder D. R. Forsythe (Eds. ), Handboo k of social and clinical pyschology (pp. 469-487). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Yelin, E. H. (1992). Disability and the displaced worker. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University How to cite Biomedical Approach, Papers

Biomedical Approach Free Essays

Introduction Since the time of Enlightenment, Western ideas of health have been dominated by the biomedical approach. The basis on which these opinions are founded is that an individual is not responsible for their illness and that the mind and body work separately from each other. Health, in the eyes of this approach can be deemed as simply the absence of disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Biomedical Approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now Part of the reason this vision of health has dominated so much, is that it’s practiced by the majority of the health professionals and is the staple of the care received in hospitals. The aim of this assignment is to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this system, and to suggest the advantages that using a social model to view health could bring. Discussion Health, is a word that carries a broad spectrum of meanings, it is defined differently in all walks of life. Biomedical health although being the most recognised is not the only approach and has been called by Naidoo and Wills (200, p. 9) â€Å"a narrow view of health†. The social Model contrasts this approach. It focuses on the social and economic factors regarding health and looks at ways to prevent illness before it occurs. Even in the most affluent countries, people who are less well off have substantially shorter life expectancies (Marmot and Wilkinson, 2003), a social view on health would take this information into account, placing emphasis on improving the quality of life to increase life expectancy. Contrastingly the Biomedical method would look at a patient and prescribe necessary medication, although usually being effective in the short term, this would do nothing to stop the person getting ill again as they would return to the same unhealthy lifestyle or environment. This could be seen as impersonal, but this scientific approach can be useful in many scenarios as it has been said by Pearson, Vaughan and FitzGerald(2005, p54) that â€Å"the overriding concern for the patient is for cure and control of his or her disease, and this model gives clear direction in this respect†. The Biomedical Model has strengths in the sense that illnesses are not always caused by environmental or lifestyle related factors. Rather than trying to explain the illness, it searches for a cure. Biomedical science can give instant relief to people who are suffering or in pain, for people involved in accidents and emergency situations this approach is second to none. It accepts accidents are sometimes unavoidable and concentrates on restoring the individual to health in a direct manner. Discarding freak accidents the social model could prove useful. Wilkinson and Marmot(2005, p24) state â€Å"individuals turn to alcohol drugs and tobacco, suffer from their use, but it is influenced by the wider social setting† . Upon taking this statement into account, it could be argued that the social model would have a greater effect in reducing the number of people turning to drugs or alcohol. The biomedical approach would examine the physiology of the situation in an attempt to understand why an individual might become dependent on a drug. The treatment might consist of giving the patient another drug to help them come off the substance they are using, but the social method would encourage support groups or the 12 step method that was first practiced by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). This method was originally brought about in the 70’s and involves patients admitting they are powerless to alcohol and coming to believe that a greater power can restore them to health. Although it had much success, it didn’t take account for those who did not believe in religion. Since then non twelve step programs have been brought about that focus on counselling patients on how to take control of their lives. Many centres that practice this method such as the Narconon Freedom Centre(NFC) claim to have a 70% success rate. It is apparent that both biomedical and social models have their place in treating addicts and biomedical science could definitely benefit from the use of techniques from the social model in this case. Because the term health is subjective it can be defined differently. The Biomedical approach may deem someone who is disabled as unhealthy. The way they would aim to treat, for instance someone who has lost the use of their legs is to give them a wheelchair, if the person then became depressed they might give them medication to alleviate the symptoms of depression. This scientific model is supported by evidence and does work in the sense that disabled people can get medication to decrease pain or equipment to make day to day life easier. The social model however approaches disability in an entirely different manner and Smart (2006-2007)states that â€Å"much of the prejudice and discrimination experienced by people with disabilities occurs not in spite of the Biomedical Model, but because of the Biomedical Model†. It known that disabled people can often be the target of discrimination and stereotyping, perhaps this has something to do with the picture of disability that has een painted by biomedical science. Because the biomedical approach has been at the forefront of health it is understandable that people are disposed to think in accordance of its views, but this doesn’t mean that they are always right. â€Å"The profession of medicine has, for centuries, been based on the two outcome paradigm of cure or death and vestiges of t his paradigm are reflected in payment systems. Therefore, after medical stabilization, much of the funding is withdrawn, not taking into consideration the individual’s greatest needs (Yelin, 1992). This quote reiterates the point that the biomedical view may not always be right. The social model in this case would take into account the full recovery of a person so they could return to a desirable quality of life. This is because the social model recognises the fact that if a person is affected by something it can impact on their life socially and economically, which in turn can cause numerous problems such as depression, effect on relationships, stress, and anxiety etc. To see a person as healthy as soon as there condition is stable is a very biomedical approach to the issue, it is possibly unwise to think that as soon as the patient is deemed stable they can return to a normal lifestyle. The possible repercussions of this approach are that many patients will likely return and need more treatment soon after they have left. A potential benefit of using the health model when viewing a situation like the one previously mentioned, is that the patient might be able to receive services like marriage counselling. This is because the social model takes more account of the effects ill health can have on the patients’ social life. If a patient is depressed this might also have an effect on the health of their friends and family meaning that they too may need healthcare for example a depressed patient may take their anger out by being abusive or violent to those around them. This is obviously not good for the family’s health so In the grand scheme of things a social approach may also help in keeping the patients family in good health. â€Å"The cultural identification of the individual is often ignored because the Biomedical Model is based only on biological, organic needs. Psychiatric disabilities, which are highly dependent upon the environment of the individual, are not well-funded. Such environmental accommodations could render the individual highly functional (Wright, 1991). For people with psychiatric disabilities the biomedical approach may help to calm them down or nullify the effects of their illness. However little is done to improve their quality of life and this, it could be argued, seems almost de-humanizing. The model of health would prove useful in this situation by simply creating a nicer environment that will greatly assist the person to return to health. If a return to health is not possible, this improvement in environment would still give the person a much more fulfilling life and help to put the families of patients’ minds at ease. Conclusion On reviewing and comparing the biomedical and social models of health, it can be seen that both models have strengths and weaknesses. Because the biomedical approach has been at the forefront of health people trust it because it’s what they are used too.. This approach is supported by a wealth of scientific evidence and knowledge and it can efficiently cure a wide range of illnesses or diseases. However the biomedical model takes little into account for the environment of patients and how this can affect their health. The social model realises that health can be defined in ways other than simply â€Å"the absence of disease†. It also takes into account that all patients’ ideas of health are different and require different treatments. On conclusion it is clear that both models are invaluable and the best means for keeping people healthy and administering care would be through using a combination of both methods. Exact word count:1490 References Alcoholics Anonymous, n. d. The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. [online] Available at: http://www. aa. org/en_pdfs/smf-121_en. pdf [Accessed 18 December 2010] Barker, R. Kirk, J. and Munday, R. J. , 1988. Narrative analysis. 3rd ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Marmot, M. G. And Wilkinson, R. G. , 2006 Social Detirminants of Health: the Solid Facts 2nd ed, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Naidoo, J. And Wills, J. ,2009 Health Promotion: Foundations for practice 2nd ed. London, Balliere Tindall Narconon Freedom Centre, n. d. [online] Available at: http://www. freedomdrugrehab. om[Accessed 17 december 2010]. Pearson, A. Vaughan, B. and FitzGerald, M. , 2005. Nursing Models for Practice. 3rd ed. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann. Smart, J. , 2006-2007. Challenges to the Biomedical Model of Disability. Advances in Medical Psychotherapy Psychodiagnosis, Volume 12,. p1 Wright, B. A. (1991). Labeling: The need for greater person-environment individuation. In C. R. Snyder D. R. Forsythe (Eds. ), Handboo k of social and clinical pyschology (pp. 469-487). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Yelin, E. H. (1992). Disability and the displaced worker. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University How to cite Biomedical Approach, Papers

Graphical image Essay Example For Students

Graphical image Essay An image used to represent the company created using computer software. It can be given a more professional edge by using effects and tools. Makes the company easy to identify and remember. Advantages of using this device for a Logo You are able to see what you are doing, without one; a computer would be a mere typewriter. This is very important because you can see the effects of the tools and what the created logo looks like at all stages of the making. Laser printers do not smudge after printing and are faster than their inkjet counterparts. It allows us to quickly and easily transfer identical images onto paper. It is neater and simpler than redrawing the logo repeatedly. Disadvantages of using this device for a Logo CRT can burn the inside of the screen if it gets hot enough. A colour on screen may look different to the one printed. Laser printers are very bulky and expensive. Printers run out of ink, so a malfunction could occur in which the logo comes out in a different colour or tone to the one desired, thus changing the connotations of logo. Which output device would be better to use for this sub-system? The best out-put device for a logo, is the one already in use, a laser printer. Why? Because not only of a laser printers benefits over an inkjets, but a graphic logo cannot be recreated by e. g. sound speakers. Staff Database Monitor (TFT and CRT) Printer (Laser and Inkjet) Advantages of using this device for Staff Database Firstly, the advantage of being able to see, which makes it easier to enter the correct data and validations. For things like the data entry form, appearance was paramount to make sure it looked good and user friendly. If someone needed all the staff details, then it would be simple to just print off the database than copy out all the details where there is room for human error. Disadvantages of using this device for Staff Database Continual staring at a VDU can cause eyestrain and headaches. The database information has no need to be printed and stored as paper records when it is stored on the computers CPU. Which output device would be better to use for this sub-system? The VDU was more important in the database than the printer. Why? Because there was no need for the database to be printed. SUB-SYSTEM 3 Identity Card Monitor (TFT and CRT) Printer (Laser and Inkjet) Advantages of using this device for ID card Again, as another graphical image, being able to see the ID card in design was of utmost importance. Also, the display enabled me to see and use tools like mail merge which speeded up the process of putting staff details onto the ID card design. The advantages of using a printer are to quickly replicate the image of the ID card identically with 8 cards to a page. It is neater, faster and more professional to print them than to draw them by hand. Disadvantages of using this device for ID Card Continual staring at a VDU can cause eyestrain and headaches. Neither of these printers print straight onto plastic, so the cards have to be laminated later separately. Which output device would be better to use for this sub-system? Both of the output devices were necessary in creating the ID cards. No other output devices were really needed. Why? Because I needed to see what I was doing and to print off my final product. SUB-SYSTEM 4 User Manual Monitor (TFT and CRT) Printer (Laser and Inkjet) Advantages of using this device for the user manual The VDU gives us the ability to us the print screen tool, with which we can insert pictures in stages of what to do. .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd , .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .postImageUrl , .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd , .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd:hover , .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd:visited , .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd:active { border:0!important; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd:active , .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uae89ab1b1f261c347984ad4dcf74f4bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dynamic Graphics for Data Analysis EssayThe screen allows us to see any typing errors made. As the manual is made for those who are not so computer apt, I felt it fitting that the user manual should be printed and read in a book form, rather than a PowerPoint, because then the staff can read the instructions and follow them simultaneously and the staff should be confident in reading books/leaflets than working powerpoints. The printer allowed me to print the manual off quickly even though there were quite a few pages, and giving a very professional look rather than being handwritten. Disadvantages of using this device for the user manual Continual staring at a VDU can cause eyestrain and headaches. Any malfunctions could waste paper and ink can smudge. Which output device would be better to use for this sub-system? The monitor and printer are both needed. Why? Because the monitor allows me to see what I am typing, and typing is faster than writing by hand, and printing takes less time than copying out a neat copy. Are there any other output devices that can be used for each of four subsystems? If I had the chance to remake anything, I think it would be effective to create a user manual on a disc with visual and vocal instructions so that it will become easier for people to understand, because different people find different methods of teaching most useful, so a disc will provide visual, vocal and text instructions thus apply to the majority of people. Also, a CD manual does not waste paper. Thus, it would require the output of a speaker. All of these subsystems could be backed up on discs in case the original file is lost, although discs are both input and output.